What is the difference between an IRA and a 401k?
Not much of a difference, but it can be significant in certain instances. I don’t think you can take loans from IRA’s, which is a minor detail, and you can only contribute to a Roth IRA if your income is below a certain limit (Roth 401(k) doesn’t have this restriction), but the biggest difference is the contribution limits: In 2008, for example, the limit for contributing to an IRA is $5,000 plus an additional $1,000 “catch-up” for those over 50. You can contribute the full $15,500 plus an additional $5,000 catch-up if you’re over 50 to either a traditional or a Roth 401(k), not including any employer contributions (match or profit sharing, for example). The total limit of all contributions is either $46,000 or 100% of your income. So, for example, if I’m making ~$45k a year, and I put in 6% of my salary then there would be virtually no difference between a 401(k) and an IRA, aside from difference in loan availability (which I think is a bad idea anyway). But, let’s say I own my own business and make around $300,000/year. I could set up a 401(k) (even if it’s a one-person business) and get all of the tax benefits of a 401(k), and potentially save up to $46,000 a year tax-deferred. Over 10-20+ years until retirement that could save me a lot of money.
What is the advantage of a Roth IRA vs just buying stock? Both are with after tax dollars and both can be sold at any time. I’m sure there is good reason or people wouldn’t be making such a big deal about it. (more…)
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